Last updated: Sep 9, 2009
Rus / Русь
Overview
By the end of the 9th century, Prince Oleg, who resided in Kiev, had founded a state that the modern historians named Kievan Rus (Киевская Русь / Київська Русь).
Prince Oleg was succeeded by his relative Igor (+ 945) .
According to Nestor's Primary Chronicle (По́весть временных лет), Prince Igor was a son of a Norseman (варяг) named Rurik who established his power base in Novgorod-the-Great in the 9th century.
The descendants of Prince Igor became known as Rurikids (Рюриковичи).
By end of the 10th century, the Rurikid princes had united all East Slavic tribes under their rule.
The Rurikid state and its population became known as Rus (Русь). The names Russia and Russian derived from Rus (Русь -> Русія -> Руcсія -> Роcсія).
In 988, by the order of Prince Vladimir / Volodimir "the Saint" (+1015), a grandson of Igor, Kievan Rus officially adopted the Eastern Christianity.
During the lengthy reign of Prince Yaroslav "the Wise" (+1054), a son of Vladimir "the Saint", Kievan Rus reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.
All male members of the House of Rurik considered Rus as their common possession. Each adult Rurikid was entitled to get a share (удел) of Rus. Elder princes expected to receive wealthier and more prestigious regions like Chernigov, Pereyaslavl-Russkiy, Smolensk, etc. The Head of the House resided in Kiev. All Rurikid princes recognized his superiority. Originally, members of each generation succeeded one another by seniority through a hierarchy of princely seats until each in his turn ruled at Kiev. This collateral system of succession re-arranged the political map of Rus with the death of almost every Prince of Kiev.
Prince Vladimir II Monomakh (+1125), a grandson of Yaroslav "the Wise", was the last Kievan Prince who effectively control all Russian lands. After his death of the unity of Kievan Rus gradually declined, and was all but gone by 1136. The traditional collateral system of succession was gradually replaced by the new system that let each branch of the House of Rurik to rule one of the lands within Kievan Rus as its patrimonial domain. The Rurikids had divided into several branches, each ruling its own principality. The lands of Kiev, Novgorod-the-Great, and Pskov remained the dynastic possessions of the Rurikids. Other lands got a branch of the House of Rurik as a local dynasty. By the end of the 12th century, Russian principalities achieved virtual independence from Kiev. Four branches of the House of Rurik received their separate patrimonies earlier and ceased to participate in re-divisions of Rus: 1) Izyaslav (+1001), a son of Vladimir "the Saint", founded the branch that ruled in Polotsk, Minsk and Vitebsk; 2) Vladimir (+1052), a son of Yaroslav "the Wise", founded the branch that ruled in Galicia; 3) Izyaslav (+1078), another son of Yaroslav "the Wise", founded the branch that ruled in Turov and Pinsk; 4) Yaroslav (+1130), a younger son of Svyatoslav (+1076) and a grandson of Yaroslav "the Wise", founded the branch that ruled in Ryazan and Murom. The branch named the Olgovichi (Ольговичи) after Oleg (+1115), a son of Svyatoslav (+ 1076), and a grandson of Yaroslav "the Wise", ruled the lands of Chernigov and Novgorod-of Severia. The branch named the Monomakhovichi (Мономаховичи) after Vladimir II Monomakh (+1125) ruled the lands of Pereyaslavl-Russkiy, Smolensk, Volhynia, and the Northeast lands with the cities of Suzdal, Rostov, Yaroslavl and Vladimir-on-the-Klyazma. In the 12th-13th centuries, only the Olgovichi and Monomakhovichi branches of the House of Rurik continued to contest for the formal superiority associated with the Throne of Kiev. In each Russian land, a local branch of the Rurikids continued the tradition that required providing a territorial possession to every adult male Rurikid. As a result, patrimonies of every branch were fragmented. The divided Russian principalities could not resist the Mongol invasions of 1237-1240 that destroyed Kiev and other important political centers of Rus.
By 1242, all Russian lands, but the one of Polotsk, had recognized the supremacy of the Mongolian Khans from the Genghisid dynasty.
Rus ceased to exist as a political entity, even though the Genghisid Khans appointed the Monomakhovichi of Vladimir-on-the-Klyazma as the senior princes among the Rurikids.
Several Rurikid branches preserved some political significance: the branch of Ryazan; the branch of Polotsk; the Monomakhovichi of Vladimir-on-the-Klyazma; the Monomakhovichi of Volhynia, who also acquired Galicia; and the Monomakhovichi of Smolensk. The lands of Novgorod-the-Great and Pskov became virtual republics even though their local governments invited princes from various branches to serve as military commanders-in-chief.
Bibliography.
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3. Акты исторические, собранные и изданные Археографическою комиссиею (С.-Петербург : тип. II-го Отделения Собственной Е.И.В. Канцелярий, 1841-).
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11. Metraščiai ir kunigaikščių laiškai. (Vilnius : 1996).
12. Антонович, Владимир.; Козловский, Константин. Грамоты великих князей литовских с 1390 по 1569 год (Киев : 1868).
13. Сборникъ палеографическихъ снимковъ древнихъ грамотъ и актовъ, хранящихся в Виленскомъ Центральном Архиве и Виленской Публичной Библиотеке (Вильна : 1884).
14. Жлутка, Алесь. Міндаў кароль Літовіі. У дакументах і сведчаннях (Менск : Тэхналогія, 2005) [Нацыянальная Акадэмія Навук Беларусі. Інстытут гісторыі].
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16. Skurvydaitė, Loreta. Lietuvos valdovo Vytauto titulatūra: kada Vytautas ima tituluotis Didžiuoju kunigaikščiu? (Doktorantė Vilniaus universiteto Istorijos teorijos ir kultūros istorijos katedra) [ Lietuvos istorijos studijos, Nr.8, 2000].
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18. Говорский, Ксенофонт. Вестник Юго-западной и Западной России (Киев : 1862-1864) / Вестник Западной России (Вильна : тип. Ромма, 1864- ).
Geographical names
[the Volga] Bulgaria -> [Волжская] Болгария / Булгария (in Tatarstan, Russia);
Chernigov / Chernihiv -> Чернигiв / Чернигов (in Ukraine);
Galicia -> Галичина; Галиция (in W Ukraine and in SE Poland);
Kiev / Kyiv -> Київ; Киев (the capital of Ukraine);
Moscow -> Москва (the capital of Russia);
Novgorod [the Great] -> Новгород [Великий] (in Russia);
Novgorod [of the Lower Lands] -> Новгород Низовской земли / Нижний Новогород (in Russia);
Novgorod [of Severia] / Novhorod-Siverskyi -> Новгород-Сіверський; Новгород-Северский (in Chernigov Oblast, N Ukraine);
Pereyaslavl-Russkiy -> Переяславль [-Русский] (now Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskiy / Переяслав-Хмельницький in Kiev Oblast, Ukraine);
Perm -> Пермь (in Russia);
Polotsk-> Полацк; Полоцк (in Belarus);
Pskov -> Псков (in Russia);
Ryazan -> Рязань (in Russia);
Rostov [the Great] -> Ростов [Великий] (in Russia);
Samogitia -> Жмудь; Żmudź; Žemaitija (W Lithuania);
Severia -> Сіверщина; Северщина; Siewierszczyzna (in N Ukraine and SE Russia);
Sibiria -> Сибирь (in E Russia);
Smolensk -> Смоленск (in W Russia);
Tver -> Тверь (in Russia);
Uglich -> Углич (in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia).
Ugra / Yugra -> Югра (the Khanti-Mansi Region, in Sibiria, E Russia);
Vladimir / Wladimir [on the Klyazma River] -> Влaдимир (in Russia);
Volhynia / Volyn / Wolyn -> Волинь, Волынь; Lodomeria (in NW Ukraine);
First (Christian) names.
Alexander -> Александр;
Alexis -> Алексий / Алексей;
Basil -> Bаcилий;
Demetrius -> Димитрий / Дмитрий;
George -> Георгий / Юрий;
John -> Иoанн / Иван;
Leo -> Лев;
Michael -> Михаил;
Simon -> Симеон / Семён;
Theodor -> Феодор / Фёдор;
Notes:
1. Originally, the superscription (intitulatio) of documents issued by Russian rulers had no references to any territory. Since the 14th century, under the Western European influence various Russian chanceries began to use the title of territorial dominion.
2. Senior members of the Rurikid and Gediminid branches used the title of Grand Prince (Великий Князь) to distinguish themselves from apanage princes (удельные князья).
South and West Rus
Overview
In the 1340s, after the extinction of the Rurikids of Galicia-Volhynia, King Casimir III of Poland annexed Galicia.
In the 14th century, the Lithuanian rulers, Gedimin / Gediminas (+1341) and his descendents known as Gediminids (Гедиминовичи), annexed several lands that belonged to Kievan Rus: Polotsk, Turov-Pinsk, Smolensk, Kiev, Volhynia, Chernigov, Severia, etc. Some Rurikids recognized the Lithuanian overlordship, and preserved their possessions, some Russian princes were replaced with the Gediminids. Many members of the House of Gedimin intermarried with the Rurikids, adopted the Eastern Christianity, and began to follow the Russian traditions. The Russian language became the official language of the state. The Lithuania rulers often provided younger members of their House with apanage principalities as it was in Kievan Rus.
In 1386, Jogaila / Jagiello (+1434), Grand Duke of Lithuania, a grandson of Gedimin, united Lithuania to Poland when he married Hedwig / Jadwiga of Anjou (+1399), Queen of Poland. Thus, the Polish-Lithuanian united state included all South and West territories of Kievan Rus.
Notes:
1. In the Middle Ages the Russian language (or its Western dialects, which would develop in the modern Belorussian and Ukrainian) was an official language of the Lithuanian state.
2. The Polish term "Książę" can be translated either as "Prince" or "Duke". In the Lithuanian documents of the 15-16th centuries issued in Russian this term was translated as "Княжа".
@ Samples:
(Oct 1302) [5: p.18; Doc.# 5]
< Leo, Prince of Galicia & Volhynia; a son of Daniel (+1264), Prince (King 1254) of Galicia & Volhynia >
А се я княз Левъ сынъ кроля Данила
(Dec 1322) [5: p.20; Doc.# 6]
< Lubart / Liubartas -Demetrius (+1384), Prince of Volhynia; a son of Gedimin of Lithuania >
Милостию Божею и светое его Богоматери, и светого Иоанъна Богослова, я Любартъ Кгедеминовичъ, Луцкий и Володимерский князь
(July 1361) [5: p.35; Doc.# 17]
< Casimir III (+1370), King of Poland 1333; Lord of Galicia >
Во имя отца и сына и святого духа амин, божією милостию мы кроль казимир краковскои землѣ, садомирскои землѣ, сирадскои землѣ, польскыи землѣ, куявскыи землѣ, добрянскыи землѣ, поморскыи землѣ, корол велебный ,
рускои землѣ господарь и дѣдичь
вѣчныи землѣм тым самодръжецъ
(Mar 1375) [5: p.49; Doc.# 24] [18: год VII (1869); том II; книжка V; p.27; Doc.# 2]
< Alexander (+1380), Prince of Podolia; a son of Prince Koriat / Karijotas >
Мы княз литовьскии княз олексанъдро корьятовичь божією милостью князь и господарь подольскои земли
(1376) [5: p.49; Doc.# 25]
< George, Prince of Kholm (now Chelm); a son of Prince Daniel >
се я князъ юріа холмъскии сынъ даниліа холмского
(1378) [5: p.59; Doc.# 28]
<Vladislas / Ladislas (+14010, Duke of Opole 1356; of Wielun, of Dobrzyn, of Kujawia; Lord of Galicia >
божією милостью Мы князь володиславъ опольскоѣ земли и велунъскоѣ земли и рускоѣ земли господарь и дѣдичь
вѣчныи землямъ тѣмъ самодержець
(1382) [5: p.61; Doc.# 30]
< Vitovt / Vytautas-Alexander (+1430), Prince of Volhynia;Grand Prince of Lithuania >
Мы Великій Князь Витовтъ
(Sep 1386) [5: p.69; Doc.# 37]
< George (+1407), Grand Prince of Smolensk [1386-1392; 1401-1405] >
Мы Юрьи Святъславич князь великии смоленьскии
(1387) [5: p.74; Doc.# 40]
< Jogailo / Jagiello (+1434), Supreme Ruler of Lithuania & Russia; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386 >
Владислав божье милости король польскии
литовскии руски. иных земль господарь
(May 1388) [5: p.84; Doc.# 44]
< Demetrius-Karibut (+ca.1405), Prince of Severia; a son of Grand Prince Olgerd / Algirdas >
Мы дмитрий инѣмъ именемъ корибут княз литовскии
(July 1388) [5: p.85; Doc.# 45]
< Vitovt / Vytautas-Alexander (+1430), Prince of Volhynia;Grand Prince of Lithuania >
Мы Александръ, або Витовтъ зъ Божей ласки великій князь Литовскій, и
дѣдичь Городенскій, Берестейскій, Дорогицкій, Луцкій, Влодимерскій и иншихъ
(May 1389) [5: p.99; Doc.# 48] [18: год VII (1869); том II; книжка V; p.29; Doc.# 3]
< Simon-Ligveniy (+after 1431), Prince of Mstislavl; a son of Grand Prince Olgerd / Algirdas >
Мы князь Семенъ, инымъ именемъ Лыгвеній
(May 1393) [5: p.113; Doc.# 59]
< Theodor (+after 1431), Prince of Volhynia, of Severia; a son of Lubart >
Мы княз федоръ любортович
(1400) [5: p.146; Doc.# 81] [18: год VII (1869); том II; книжка V; p.31; Doc.# 6]
< Alexander (+1433), Prince of Starodub; a son of Prince Patrick / Patrikey >
Се язъ княз александръ патрикѣєвич стародубски
(1403) [18: год VII (1869); том II; книжка V; p.35; Doc.# 9]
< Swidrigaila-Boleslas (+1452), Prince of Podolia; Grand Duke of Lithuania [1430-1432] >
Милостью Божьею мы великій князь Швитрикайло Олькиръдовичъ
(1440) [18: год VII (1869); том II; книжка VI; p.41; Doc.# 1]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (Casimir IV) 1446 >
Се азъ Великій князь Казимиръ королевичь, и из своею братьею
(1446) [18: год VII (1869); том II; книжка VI; p.45; Doc.# 3]
< Andrew (+after 1455), Prince of Mogilov; a son of Prince Vladimir of Kiev (+ca.1398); a grandson of Grand Prince Olgerd of Lithuania >
Се азъ рабъ Божій князь Андрей Владимировичь
(Nov 1457) [7: Doc.# 7]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (Casimir IV) 1446 >
Самъ Казимеръ, Божю милостю Король полский,
великій князь Литовский, Руский,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитский и иныхъ
(June 1459) [7: Doc.# 9]
< Simon (+1470), Prince of Kiev 1454 >
Мы, князь Семенъ Александровичъ великого князства своего Киевскаго
(Apr 1496) [7: Doc.# 10]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Самъ Александръ, Божою милостью великій князь Литовскій, Русскій,
Жомоитскій и иныхъ
(Oct 1506) [1: частъ I; p.403; Doc.# 146]
< Constantin (+1530), Prince of Ostrog (in Volhynia) >
Се язъ, Князь Константинъ Ивановичъ Острожской
(Dec 1545) [7: Doc.# 7]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Жикгимонтъ Августъ, Божю милостю королъ полскій,
великий князь Литовский, Руский, Пруский, Жемоитский, Мазовецкий и иныхъ
(Feb 1569) [7: Doc.# 59]
< Sigismund-Augustus (+1573), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1544, King of Poland 1548 >
Жикгимонтъ-Августъ, Божою милостю король Полский,
великий князь Литовский, Руский, Пруский, Жомоитский, Мазовецкий, Лифлянский и иныхъ
(Apr 1574) [2: том III; p.177-178; Doc.# 59]
< Henry (+1589), King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania [1573-1574], King of France 1574; Duke of Anjou, Bourbon, Auvergne; Count of La Marche, Forez, Quercy, Rouergue, Montfort >
Генрикъ, Божьею милостью король Польскій,
великій князь Литовскій, Рускій, Прускій, Мазовецкій, Жомойтскій, Кіевскій, Волынскій, Подляшскій, Лифлянскій и иных, а къ тому
княжа Андекгавеньское, Борбонское и Альверненское, и тежь
кграбя въ Мархіи, Форестіи, Кверцыи, Роверіи и въ Монтисфорцыи и пр.
(Nov 1576) [12: Doc.# 38]
< Stephen Bathory (+1586), Prince of Transylvania; King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1574/75 >
Стефанъ, Божою мылостію король Полскій,
великій князь Литовскій, Рускій, Прускій, Мазовецкій, Жимойскій, Киевскій, Волинскій, Подляскій, Инфляндскій, панъ и
княжа Семигродское
(Oct 1599) [2: том II; p.13-16]
< Sigismund Vasa (+1632), King of Poland (Sigismund III) & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1587; King of Sweden [1592-1604] >
Жикгимонтъ третій, Божью милостью король Польскій,
великій князь Литовскій, Рускій, Прускій, Мазовецькій, Жомоитскій, Ифлянскій и
Шведскій, Кгодскій, Вандалскій дѣдичный король
North and East Rus
Overview
The Monomakhovichi of the Vladimir-on-the-Klyazma branch ruled Northeast parts of Kievan Rus. They divided their patrimony and founded several sub-branches: Tver, Rostov, Suzdal, Moscow, etc.
By the 14th century, the Moscow princes became the most powerful among the princes of North-East, as they acquired by conquest or purchase several neighboring principalities.
Until 1389, when Demetrius "Donskoy" of Moscow bequeathed his title of Grand Prince to his son without consulting the Khan, the Genghisids of the Golden Horde had appointed Grand Princes of All Rus, the supreme rulers of North and East Rus.
In 1480, Grand Prince John (Иван) III of Moscow and All Rus / Russia (+1505) refused to recognize the overlordship of the Golden Horde, and became a sovereign ruler.
In 1478, Grand Prince John III annexed the land of Novgorod-the-Great.
In 1485, Grand Prince John III annexed possessions of the Grand Prince of Tver, the last Monomakhovichi prince of North-East Rus who challenged the Moscow domination.
In 1510, the Grand Prince of Moscow annexed the land of Pskov.
In 1520-1521, the Grand Prince of Moscow annexed the Ryazan Principality.
In 1547, Grand Prince John IV "the Terrible" (Иоанн / Иван "Грозный") was crowned as the first Czar of Russia.
Ryazan
@ Samples:
(1393) [5: p.118; Doc.# 61]
< Oleg (+1402), Grand Prince of Ryazan 1350 >
Мы великии княз олегъ ивановичь рязаньский
The Principalities in Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
@ Samples:
(Dec 1393) [4: том I; p.7; Doc.# 12]
< Boris, Grand Prince of Novgorod of the Lower Lands >
Се язъ Князь Великiй Борись Костянтиновичь
(1438) [4: том I; p.28; Doc.# 36]
< Michael, Prince of Belozero >
се язъ Князь Михайло Ондреевичь
(Mar 1474) [1: частъ I; p.249; Doc.# 103]
< Daniel, Prince of Kholm from the Tver branch >
Се язъ, Князь Данило Дмитриевичь Холмьски
(Sep 1582) [4: том I; p.378; Doc.# 316]
< Sain-Bulat / in 1573 baptized as Simon (+1616), from the House of Genghis-Khan; Khan of Kasimov [1567-1573]; Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia [1575-1576]; Grand Prince of Tver [1576-1598] >
Се азъ Князь Великiй Семioнъ Бекбулатовичь Тверскiй
The Grand Princes of All Rus
@ Samples:
(1341) [1: частъ I; p.35; Doc.# 23]
< Simon "the Proud" (+1353), Grand Prince of Moscow & of All Rus >
Се язъ, Князь Великий Семенъ Ивановичь всея Руси
(1398) [4: том I; p.8; Doc.# 13]
< Basil I (+1425), Grand Prince of Moscow & of All Rus >
Се язъ Князь Велики Василeй Дмитрiевичь всея Руси
(1405) [1: частъ I; p.69; Doc.# 38]
Се язъ, Князь Великий Василий Дмитриевичь
(Feb 1425) [4: том I; p.15; Doc.# 21]
се язъ Князь Великiй Василей Дмитреевичь
(Mar 1446) [4: том I; p.30; Doc.# 39]
< Demetrius "Shemyaka" (+1453), Grand Prince of Moscow & of All Rus [1445-1445, 1446-1447] >
се язъ Князь Великiй Дмитрiй Юрьевичь
(May 1460) [4: том I; p.47; Doc.# 63]
< Basil II "the Blind" (+1462), Grand Prince of Moscow & of All Rus 1425 >
Се язь Князь Великiй Василей Васильевичь
--- the 1480s- ~1514
Notes:
1. Since the second half of the 15th century, in his documents sent to the foreign countries John III, Grand Prince of All Russia began to use new elaborated forms of the title of territorial dominion. In domestic documents, the simple form "Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia" was used.
-- the Foreign relation form
Lord of All Rus / Russia;
Grand Prince of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod [the Great], Pskov, Tver, Ugra, Vyatka, Perm, Bulgaria;
@ Samples:
(July 1488) [1: частъ V; p.4; Doc.# 8]
< John III (+1505), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1462 >
Божiею милостiю, Гдрь всея Русiи, Великiй Князь Иванъ Васильевичь
Вoлoдимирски, и Московски, и Новогородъцски, и Псковски и Тферски, и Югорски, и Вятски, и Пермски и иныхъ
(Aug 1490) [1: частъ V; p.7; Doc.# 13]
мы Ioанъ Божiею милостiю, Гдрь всеа Русiи,
Володимерскiй, и Московски, и Новогородски, и Пъсковскiй и Тферскiй, и Югорскiй, и Вятскiй, и Пермьскiй и Болгарскiй и иныхъ
(May 1504) [1: частъ V; p.26; Doc.# 40]
Ioаннъ Божiею милостiю Гоcударь всеа Руси,
Володимерскiй, и Московскiй, и Новогородскiй, и Пъсковскiй и Тферскiй, и Югорскiй, и Вятцкiй, и Пермскiй и Болгарскiй и иныхъ
(Oct 1506) [1: частъ V; p.34; Doc.# 51]
< Basil III (+1533), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1505 >
Bаcилeй Божiею милостiю Гдрь всеа Русiи и
Великiй Kнязь Володимерскiй, и Московскiй, и Новогородскiй, и Псковскiй и Тферскiй, и Югорьскiй, и Вятcкiй, и Пермьскiй и Болгарскiй иныхъ
(Aug 1509) [1: частъ V; p.47; Doc.# 58]
Bаcилeй Божiею милостiю Гдрь всеа Русiи и
Великiй Kнязь Влaдимeрскiй, и Московскiй, и Новогородцкiй, и Псковскiй и Тферскiй, и Югорскiй, и Вятцкiй, и Пермьскiй и Бльгарскiй иныхъ
-- the Domestic form
@ Samples:
(Sep 1484) [4: том I; p.84; Doc.# 111]
< John III (+1505), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1462 >
Се язъ Князь Велики Иванъ Васильевичь всей Руси
(Mar 1504) [4: том I; p.110; Doc.# 139]
< Basil III (+1533), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1505 >
Се язъ Князь Великiй Иванъ Васильевичь всеа Руси
--- ~ 1514 -1562
-- the 1st Foreign relation form
Lord of All Rus / Russia,
Grand Prince of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod [the Great], Pskov, Smolensk, Tver, Ugra, Vyatka, Perm, Bulgaria;
Lord & Grand Prince of Novgorod of the Lower Lands, of Chernigov, Ryazan, Volok, Rzhev, Belsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozero, Udor, Obdoria, Conda;
@ Added:
- Smolensk
@ Samples:
(July 1514) [1: частъ I; p.411; Doc.# 148] < for Smolensk >
< Basil III (+1533), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1505 >
мы Великiй Гоcударь Bаcилеи, Божiею милостiю Гоcударь всеа Русiи и
Великiй Kнязь Влaдимiрскiй, Московскiй, Новгородцкiй, Псковскiй, Смоленскiй, Тверскiй, Югорскiй, Пермскiй, Вятцкiй, Бoлгарскiй, и иныхъ,
Государь и Великiй Kнязь Новагорода Низовскoй земли, и Черниговскiй, и Рязанскiй, и Bолотцкiй, и Ржeвскiй, и Бѣльскiй, и Ростовскiй, и Ярославскiй, и Бeлозерскiй, и Удорскiй, и Обдорскiй, и Кондiйскiй, и иныхъ
(Apr 1545) [4: том I; p.182; Doc.# 204] < to the Samoeds >
< John IV "the Terrible" (+1584), Grand Prince (Czar 1547 as John I) of All Rus / Russia [1533-1575; 1576-1584]; Prince of Moscow [1575-1576] >
Великiй Государь Iоанъ, Божiею милостiю Царь и Государь всеа Русiи и
Великiй Князь Владимерскiй, Московскiй, Новогородцкiй, Псковскiй, Смоленськiй, Тферскiй, < Югорскiй, > Вятцкiй, Болгарскiй в иныхъ,
Государь и Великiй Князь Новагорода Низовскiя земли, Черниговскiй, Рязанскiй, Волотцкiй, Ржевскiй, Бѣльскiй, Ростовскiй, Ярославскiй, Бѣлозерскiй, Удорскiй, и Обдорскiй < , Кондiйскiй, и иныхъ >
-- the 2nd Foreign relation form
Lord of All Rus / Russia,
Grand Prince of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod [the Great], Pskov, Smolensk, Tver, Perm, Vyatka, Ugra, Bulgaria;
Lord & Grand Prince of Novgorod of the Lower Lands, of Ryazan, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozero, Volok, Rzhev, Udor, Obdoria, Conda;
@ Samples:
(Mar 1515) [4: том I; p.131; Doc.# 160]
< Basil III (+1533), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1505 >
Мы Великiй Государь Василей, Божiею милостью Государь всеа Русiи и
Великiй Kнязь Влaдимiрскiй, Московскiй, Ноугородскiй, Псковскiй, Смоленскiй, Тверскiй, Пермьскiй, Вятскiй, Югорскiй, Болгарскiйи иныхъ,
Государь и Великiй Князь Новагорода Низовскiя земли, Резанскiй, Ростовскiй, Ярославский, Бѣлоозерскiй, Волоцкiй, Ржевскiй, Удорскiй, Обдорскiй, Кондiйскiй и иныхъ,
-- the 3rd Foreign relation form
Lord of All Rus / Russia,
Grand Prince of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod [the Great], Smolensk, Pskov, Tver, Ugra, Vyatka, Perm, Bulgaria;
@ Samples:
(July 1517) [2: том II; p.123; Doc.# 98]
< Basil III (+1533), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1505 >
Великiй Гоcударь Bаcилiй, Божiею милостiю Гоcударь всея Руси и
великiй князь Володимерскiй, Московскiй, Новгородскiй, Смоленскiй, Псковскiй, Тверскiй, Югорскiй, Пермьскiй, < Вятcкiй >, Бoлгарскiй, и иныхъ
(Apr 1516) [4: том I; p.132; Doc.# 162]
Мы Великiи Государь Василей, Божiею милостiю Государь всеа Русiи и
Великiй Kнязь Влaдимiрскiй, и Московскiй, и Новгородцкiй, и Псковскiй, и Смоленскiй, и Тверскiй, и Пермскiй, и Югорскiй, и Вятцкiй, и Бoлгарскiй, и иныхъ
(1537) [2: том II; p.313; Doc.# 175]
< John IV "the Terrible" (+1584), Grand Prince (Czar 1547 as John I) of All Rus / Russia [1533-1575; 1576-1584]; Prince of Moscow [1575-1576] >
Мы великiй Гоcударь Иванъ, Божiею милостiю Гоcударь всея Русiи и
великiй князь Володимерскiй, Московскiй, Новгородскiй, Псковскiй, < Смоленскiй, > Рязанскiй, Тферскiй, Югорскiй, Пермьскiй, < Вятcкiй >, Бoлгарскiй, и иныхь
(Nov 1545) [3: том 1; p.539; Doc.# 296]
Мы Великiй Гоcударь Иванъ, Божiею милостiю единъ правый Гоcударь всеа Русiи и
и ныхь многихь землямъ Восточнымъ и Севернымъ Гоcударь и
Великiй Kнязь Володимерскiй, и Московскiй, и Новогородцкiй, и Псковскiй, и Смоленскiй, и Тферскiй, и Югорскiй, Пермьскiй, Вятcкiй, Бoлгарскiй, и иныхъ
-- the Domestic form
@ Samples:
(Apr 1517) [4: том I; p.132; Doc.# 163]
< Basil III (+1533), Grand Prince of All Rus / Russia 1505 >
Се язъ Князь Великiй Василей Ивановичь всея Русiи
(July 1537) [4: том I; p.155; Doc.# 183]
< John IV "the Terrible" (+1584), Grand Prince (Czar 1547 as John I) of All Rus / Russia [1533-1575; 1576-1584]; Prince of Moscow [1575-1576] >
Се язъ Князь Великiй Иванъ Васильевичь всея Русiи
(July 1546) [4: том I; p.197; Doc.# 208]
Се язъ Князь Великiй Иванъ Васильевичь всеа Руси
The Moscow Apanage Principalities (Удельные Княжества)
Notes:
1. The princes of the Moscow branch, as other Rurikids, always assigned some possessions to their younger sons, who became autonomous rulers known as apanage princes (удельные князья).
2. Since the rule of John III, the Moscow apanage principalities, which existed until 1591, became completely dependent on their senior relatives, the Grand Princes of Moscow and All Russia.
@ Samples:
(Mar 1414) [4: том I; p.14; Doc.# 19]
< Andrew, Prince of Uglich >
се язъ Князь Ондрей Володимеровичь
(1443) [4: том I; p.29; Doc.# 38]
< John (+ after 1471), Prince of Mozhaysk >
се язъ Князь Иванъ Ондреевичь
(Jan 1470) [4: том I; p.62; Doc.# 86]
< George (+1472), Prince of Dmitrov >
Се язъ Князь Юрьи Васильевичь
(May 1493) [4: том I; p.96; Doc.# 129]
< Boris (+1494), Prince of Volok [-Lamskiy] >
Се язь Князь Борись Васильевичь
(Oct 1506) [4: том I; p.118; Doc.# 146]
< Demetrius "Zhilka" (+1521), Prince of Uglich; a son of Grand Prince John III of All Rus / Russia >
Се язъ Князь Дмитрей Ивановичь
(Sep 1518) [4: том I; p.134; Doc.# 165]
< George (+1536), Prince of Dmitrov [1505-1533]; a son of Grand Prince John III of All Rus / Russia >
Се язъ Князь Юрьи Ивановичь
(Aug 1566) [4: том I; p.308; Doc.# 272]
< Vladimir (+1569), Prince of Staritsa [1541-1566], of Dmitrov 1566 >
Се язъ Князь Володимерь Ондреевичь
(1585) [4: том I; p.390; Doc.# 329]
< Demetrius (+1591), Prince of Uglich; a son of Czar John IV of All Russia >
Се азъ Царевичь Князь Дмитрей Ивановичь Углетцкiй