Austria. I. Titles of European hereditary rulers

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Austria ( Österreich )

Part I. The 11th century-1282

Overview.

In 955, German King Otto I took the territory of Austria from the Hungarians, reconstituted the East March there and attached it to Bavaria .

In 976, King Otto II bestowed Austria as a separate fief on Leopold of Babenberg, founder of the first Austrian reigning House, which also acquired Styria in 1192.

In 1156, Emperor Frederick I elevated Austria to the rank of Duchy.

In 1246, the House of Babenberg became extinct.

In 1250, Austria passed to Ottocar / Premysl II (+1278), the future King of Bohemia, who in 1251–1269 also acquired Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola.

In 1276, after King Rudolph I of the Romans defeated Otakar / Premysl II renounced Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola. King Rudolph I charged his sons Albert and Rudolph to govern Austria and Styria.

In 1282, King Rudolph I bestowed Austria and Styria to his sons Albert and Rudolph, who founded the Austrian reigning House of Habsburg.

Bibliography.

1. Fichtenau, Heinrich; Zöllner, Erich.Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Babenberger in Österreich (Wien : A. Holzhausens Nachfolger, 1950-).

2. Schwind, Ernst Maria Augustin, Freiherr von; Dopsch, Alfons. Ausgewählte Urkunden zur Verfassungs-Geschichte der deutsch-österreichischen Erblande im Mittelalter (Innsbruck : Wagnersche universitäts-buchhandlung, 1895).

3. Friedrich, Gustav; Kristen, Zdenek; Šebánek, J.; Dušková, S. Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae (Praha : 1904-).

4. Chalmers, George. Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers (1790-).

5. Lorenz, Ottokar. Drei Bücher Geschichte und Politik (Berlin : Hofmann, 1879; 2nd edit.).

6. Weis, Johann Nepomuk. Urkunden des Cistercienser-Stiftes Heiligenkreuz im Wiener Walde (Wien : kaiserlich-königlichen Hof-und Staatsdruckerei, 1856) [Fontes rerum Austriacarum = österreichische Geschichtsquellen; Abteilung II. Diplomataria et acta; Band XI].

Geographical names.

Alsace -> Elsass (in France).

Austria -> Österreich.

Carinthia -> Kärnten (in Austria and Slovenia).

Habsburg (in Aargau, Switzerland).

Kyburg (in Zurich, Switzerland).

Pordenone -> Portus Naonis; Portenau (in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy).

Styria -> Steiermark (in Austria).

--- the 11th century - 1139

Margrave of Austria (the East March);

@ Samples:

(June 1115) [1: Band 1; p.2-3; Doc.# 2]

< Leopold III (+1136), Margrave 1096 >

ego Liupoldus Orientalis regionis marchio

--- 1139-1141 ( To Bavaria )

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(July 1140) [1: Band 1; p.17-18; Doc.# 13]

< Leopold IV (+1141), Margrave of Austria 1136; Duke of Bavaria 1139 >

Liupaldus dei gratia Bauuariorum dux

(1141) [1: Band 1; p.20-21; Doc.# 15]

Ego Liupaldus dei gratia Bauuariorum dux

--- 1141-1143 ( Henry II "Jasomirgott" )

--- 1143-1156 ( Henry II "Jasomirgott" )

Duke of Bavaria;

Margrave of Austria;

@ Samples:

(Aug 1156) [1: Band 1; p.32-33; Doc.# 24]

< Henry II "Jasomirgott" (+1177), Margrave (Duke 1156) of Austria 1141; Duke of Bavaria [1143-1156] >

Henricus dei gratia dux Bauarie et

marchio Austrie

--- 1156-1192

Duke of Austria;

@ Samples:

(Mar 1159) [1: Band 1; p.40-41; Doc.# 28]

< Henry II "Jasomirgott" (+1177), Margrave (Duke 1156) of Austria 1141; Duke of Bavaria [1143-1156] >

Heinricus divina favente clementia dux Austrie

(1170) [1: Band 1; p.53; Doc.# 38]

Heinricus dei gratia dux Austrie

(1185) [1: Band 1; p.84-85; Doc.# 64]

< Leopold V "St." (+1194), Duke of Austria 1177 & Styria 1192 >

Ego Luipoldus dei gratia dux Austrie

(Aug 1190) [1: Band 1; p.106; Doc.# 77]

Ego Liupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie

--- 1192-1194

Duke of Austria, Styria;

@ Added:

- [1192] Styria

Duke Leopold V of Austria inherited Styria (1192).

@ Samples:

(Apr 1192) [2: p.25; Doc.# 17]

< Leopold V "St." (+1194), Duke of Austria 1177 & Styria 1192 >

Liupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie

(July 1192) [1: Band 1; p.116-117; Doc.# 86]

Leiupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie

(1193) [1: Band 1; p.119; Doc.# 87]

Liupoldus dux Austrie et Styrie

--- 1194-1198

Duke of Austria;

@ Removed:

- [1194] Styria

After the death of Duke Leopold V Austria passed to his elder son Frederick I, Styria passed to his second son Leopold (1194).

@ Samples:

(1195) [1: Band 1; p.124-125; Doc.# 91]

< Frederick I (+1198), Duke of Austria 1194 >

Fridericus divina favente clementia Austrie dux

(Mar 1196) [1: Band 1; p.127-128; Doc.# 94]

Fridericus dux Austrie

(Apr 1196) [1: Band 1; p.131; Doc.# 96]

Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie

(Apr 1197) [1: Band 1; p.134-135; Doc.# 100]

Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie

--- 1198-1232

Duke of Austria, Styria;

@ Added:

- [1198] Styria

Leopold VI, Duke of Styria, succeeded his brother Frederick in Austria (1198).

@ Samples:

(Aug 1198) [1: Band 1; p.145; Doc.# 110]

< Leopold VI (+1230), Duke of Austria 1198, of Styria 1194 >

Leupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie

(Jan 1209) [2: p.39; Doc.# 24]

Liupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie

(June 1217) [1: Band 2; p.12; Doc.# 209]

Livpoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie

(Nov 1231) [1: Band 2; p.129; Doc.# 291]

< Frederick II (+1246), Duke of Austria & Styria 1230 >

Fridericus dei gracia dux Austrie et Stirie

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(July 1220) [1: Band 2; p.31; Doc.# 228]

< Henry "the Senior" (+1223), Duke of Mödling >

Ego Heînricus de Medilicko dei gratia

--- 1232-1246

Duke of Austria, Styria;

Lord of Carniola;

@ Added:

- Carniola

Duke Leopold II purchased some lands from the Bishop of Freising, and took the title of Lord of Carniola.

@ Samples:

(Mar 1232) [2: p.53; Doc.# 32]

< Frederick II (+1246), Duke 1230 >

Fridericus dei gracia dux Austrie et Styrie et

dominus Carniole

(July 1236) [1: Band 2; p.166; Doc.# 327]

Nos Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie et

dominus Karniole

(July 1244) [2: p.86; Doc.# 40]

Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie et

dominus Carniole

(Mar 1246) [1: Band 2; p.304-305; Doc.# 437]

Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie et

dominus Karniole

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Dec 1232) [1: Band 2; p.145; Doc.# 307]

< Henry "the Junior", Duke of Mödling >

Ego Heinricus dei gratia dux Medilicensis

--- 1246-1251

( Gertrude )

Duke of Austria, Styria;

@ Samples:

(1247) [1: Band 2; p.309-310; Doc.# 442]

< Gertrude (+1299), daughter of Henry of Austria (+1228) and granddaughter of Duke Leopold IV of Austria; ~ (1) 1246 Vladislas of Bohemia (+Jan 1247), Margave of Moravia; ~ (2) 1248 Herman VI (+ Oct 1250), Margave of Baden; ~ (3) 1252 / div.1253 Roman (+ca.1260), Prince of Galicia (Halicz) >

Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie

(May 1249) [1: Band 2; p.315; Doc.# 448]

Nos Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et Stirie

(Feb 1251) [1: Band 2; p.319-320; Doc.# 453]

Nos Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et Stirie

( Herman of Baden )

Duke of Austria, Styria;

Margrave of Baden;

@ Samples:

(Aug 1249) [1: Band 2; p.316; Doc.# 449]

< Herman VI (+ Oct 1250), Margave of Baden; Duke of Austria >

Nos Hermannus dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie et

marchio de Badem

(Sep 1249) [1: Band 2; p.318; Doc.# 451]

H(ermannus) dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie et

marchio de Badem

(Sep 1249) [1: Band 2; p.319; Doc.# 452]

Nos Hermannus dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie et

marchio de Baden

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Oct 1246) [1: Band 2; p.308-309; Doc.# 441]

< Margaret (+1267), daughter of Leopold IV, Duke of Austria; ~ (1) 1225 Henry VII of Hohenstaufen (+1242), King of Germany; ~ (2) 1252 / div. 1260/64 Otakar / Premysl II (+1278), King of Bohemia, Duke of Austria; etc. >

Nos Margareta dei gratia Romanorum regina

(Mar 1248) [1: Band 2; p.312; Doc.# 445]

M[argaretha] dei gracia Romanorum quondam regina

(Sep 1249) [1: Band 2; p.317; Doc.# 450]

Margareta dei gracia regina Romanorum

--- 1251-1253

@ Added:

- Moravia

Notes. In 1251, the Austria estates acclaimed Otakar / Premysl, Margrave, of Moravia as Duke of Austria.

In Feb 1252, Otakar / Premysl married Margaret of Austria, widow of Emperor Henry VII of the Romans.

@ Samples:

(12 Dec 1251) [3: tomus IV; fasciculus I; p.392; Doc.# 225 a]

< Otakar / Premysl (+1278), Margrave of Moravia 1247, Duke of Austria 1251; Ruler (King 1261) of Bohemia 1253 (Premysl / Otakar II); ~ (1) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Margaret of Austria (+1266), Duchess of Austria >

Nos Premizl, dei gratia dux Austrie et

marchio Morauie

(June 1252) [1: Band 2; p.320-321; Doc.# 454]

< Margaret (+1266), daughter of Leopold IV, Duke of Austria; ~ (1) 1225 Henry VII (+1242), King of the Romans; ~ (2) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Otakar / Premysl II (+1278), King of Bohemia, Duke of Austria; etc. >

Nos Margaretha dei gratia Romanorum quondam regina,

ducissa Austrie et Stirie ac

marchionissa Morauie

(Nov 1252) [1: Band 2; p.321-322; Doc.# 455]

Nos Margareta dei gratia ducissa Austrie et Stirie ac

marchionissa Morauie

(Apr 1253) [2: p.88; Doc.# 41]

O[takarus] dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie

marchio Moravie

--- 1253-1254

Lord of the Kingdom of Bohemia;

Duke of Austria, Styria;

Margrave of Moravia;

@ Added:

- [1253] Bohemia

Duke Otakar / Premysl succeeded his father King Wenceslas I in Bohemia (1253).

@ Samples:

(Apr 1253) [2: p.97; Doc.# 45]

O. dei gracia dominus regni Bohemie,

dux Austrie et Styrie et

marchio Moravie

(Dec 1253) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.30-31; Doc.# 2]

Nos Otacharus qui et Primizl, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,

dux Austrie et Stirie et

marchio Moravie

--- 1254-1260

Lord of the Kingdom of Bohemia;

Duke of Austria;

Margrave of Moravia;

@ Removed:

-[1254] Styria

Otakar / Premysl recognized the loss of Styria to King Bela IV of Hungary (1254).

@ Samples:

(May 1254) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.67; Doc.# 29]

Otacharus qui et Premizl, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,

dux Austrie et

marchio Moravie

(Oct 1258) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.265; Doc.# 166]

Nos Otacharus, dei gratia dominus regni Boemie,

dux Austrie et

marchyo Morauie

(July 1259) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.307; Doc.# 194]

Nos Otacharus qui et Premicel, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,

dux Austrie et

marchio Moravie

(Jan 1260) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.326; Doc.# 208]

Otacharus, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,

dux Austrie et

marchio Moravie

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Jan 1255) [1: Band 2; p.323-324; Doc.# 457]

Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et Stirie

(Apr 1259) [1: Band 2; p.324-325; Doc.# 458]

< Frederick of Baden (+ in Naples 1268), son of Herman VI of Baden (+ Oct 1250) and Gertrude of Austria (+1299) >

Fridericus dei gracia dux Austrie et Stirie

--- 1260-1261

Lord of the Kingdom of Bohemia;

Duke of Austria, Styria;

Margrave of Moravia;

@ Added:

-[1260] Styria

Otakar / Premysl regained Styria when he expelled King Bela IV of Hungary (1260).

@ Samples:

(1260) [1: Band 2; p.326; Doc.# 459]

Igitur nos Margareta domina regni Bohemie,

ducissa Austrie et Styrie,

marchionissa Moravie

(Apr 1260) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.341-342; Doc.# 220]

Primisl, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,

Austrie et Styrie dux,

marchio Moravie

(Jan 1261) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.389; Doc.# 256]

Nos Otacharus, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,

dux Austrie et Styrie

marchio Moravie

(Nov 1261) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.443; Doc.# 297]

nos Ottacarus, dei gratia dominus regni Bohemie,

dux Austrie et Styrie,

marchio Moravie

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Feb 1261) [1: Band 2; p.328; Doc.# 461]

Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et Styrie

--- 1261-1266

King of Bohemia;

Duke of Austria, Styria;

Margrave of Moravia;

@ Added:

- [1261] "Lord of the Kingdom of Bohemia" with "King of Bohemia"

Otakar / Premysl (+1278), took the title of King of Bohemia after his coronation (Dec 1261).

@ Samples:

(Dec 1261) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.452; Doc.# 304]

Nos Odacharus, dei gratia quintus Boemorum rex,

dux Austrie et Styrie,

marchioque Moravie

(July 1262) [2: p.99; Doc.# 47]

Otacherus dei gracia rex Boemia,

dux Austrie et Stirie et

marchio Moravie

(Sep 1266) [3: tomus V; fasciculus I; p.711-712; Doc.# 480]

Otakorus, dei gracia rex Boemie,

dux Austrie et Styrie et

marchio Morauie

(Jan 1270) [3: tomus V; fasciculus II; p.198-199; Doc.# 602]

Nos Othacarus, dei gracia Boemie rex,

dux Austrie et Styrie ac

marchio Morawie

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(May 1262) [1: Band 2; p.329; Doc.# 462]

Margareta dei gratia Romanorum regina

filia ducis Liupoldi

semper Augusta

(1264) [1: Band 2; p.331; Doc.# 464]

Margareta dei gratia Romanorum quondam regina

ducissa Austrie et Styrie

(Oct 1266) [1: Band 2; p.382-383; Doc.# 465]

Margareta quondam filia Livpoldi illustris ducis Austrie et Stirie et

Romanorum regina

--- 1270-1270

King of Bohemia;

Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia;

Margrave of Moravia;

Lord of Carniola, the Mark, Eger;

@ Added:

- [1270] Carinthia, Carniola, the Mark

Otakar / Premysl inherited Carinthia, Carnioal and the Wendish Mark on the death of Duke Ulric III of Carinthia (1270).

- [1270] Eger

Otakar / Premysl acquired Eger / Cheb (1266).

@ Samples:

(Feb 1270) [3: tomus V; fasciculus II; p.204; Doc.# 606]

Nos Ottakarus dei gratia Boemorum rex,

dux Austrie, Styrie et Karinthie,

marchioque Morauie,

dominus Carniole, Marchie et Egre

(Aug 1270) [3: tomus V; fasciculus II; p.217; Doc.# 615]

Nos Otthakarus dei gratia Boemie rex,

dux Austrie, Styrie et Karynthie,

marchioque Morauie,

dominus Carniole, Marchie et Egre

--- 1270-1276

King of Bohemia;

Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia;

Margrave of Moravia;

Lord of Carniola, the Mark, Eger, Pordenone;

@ Added:

- [1270] Pordenone

@ Samples:

(Nov 1270) [3: tomus V; fasciculus II; p.230-231; Doc.# 625a]

Nos Ottokarus dei gracia Boemie rex,

dux Austrie, Styrie et Karinthie,

marchioque Moravie,

dominus Carniole, Marchie, Egre et Portus Naonis

(July 1272) [3: tomus V; fasciculus II; p.303; Doc.# 668]

Nos Othakarus dei gracia Boemie rex,

dux Austrie, Stirie et Karinthie ac

marchio Moravie,

dominus Carniole, Marchie, Egre ac Portus Naonis

(Sep 1275) [3: tomus V; fasciculus II; p.467,471; Doc.# 790]

Otokarus von den genoden gotis koning czu Behemen und

herczog czu Österreych, czu Steyeren, czu Karynten,

margrof czu Merem und

herre czu Carnele, der Marke, Eger und Portusnaon

(Jun 1276) [3: tomus V; fasciculus II; p.510-511; Doc.# 816]

Othakarus dei gracia rex Boemie,

dux Austrie, Stirie, Karinthie,

marchio Morauie,

dominus Carniole, Marchie, Egre ac Portus Naonis

--- 1276-1282 ( Interregnum : the direct royal rule )

@ Removed:

- [1276] Bohemia, Carinthia, Moravia, Eger

After his defeat by Rudolph I of Habsburg, King of the Romans, Otakar / Premysl (+1278) renounced the possession of Austria (1276).

Austria came under the direct rule of King Rudolph I, who then assigned his son Albrecht to govern the Duchy.

@ Samples [Governors]:

(July 1281) [2: p.126; Doc.# 64]

< Albert I (+1308), Count of Habsburg; Duke of Austria and Styria 1282; King of the Romans 1298 >

Wir Albrecht von gots gnaden grof ze Habespurch und ze Chyburch

Lantgrof von Elsazze

gewaltiger und gemainer verweser uber Osterrich und uber Steyr

(Oct 1282) [2: p.129-130; Doc.# 66]

Nos Albertus dei gracia de Habspurch et de Kiburch comes

lantgravius Alsacie

illustris domini Rudolfi Romanorum regis primogenitus et

eiusdem per Austriam et Stiriam vicarius generalis